BEAUTIFUL MONGOLIA

Mongolia is the country of grass of the steppes, sand dunes, mountains, clear river, lakes and land of blue sky.

 

Capital

Ulaanbaatar (Ulaanbaator, Ulaan-Baator, Ulan-Bator).

 

Location

Completely landlocked between two large neighbors - Russian Federation and China 

 

Territory 

Mongolia is ranked as the seventh largest country in Asia and the 18th largest in the world. Mongolia covers an area of 603,899 square miles (1,564,100 sq. km.), larger than the overall combined territory of Great Britain, France, Germany and Italy. The territory of Mongolia extends 1,486 miles (2,392 km.)

Climate
Mongolia's climate is extremely continental. The high central Asian mountain ranges surrounding Mongolia. Even the daily temperature may fluctuate by +20°C-30°C in summer and -25 - 30’C in winter. In some regions, for instance in the northern part of the Khuvsgul aimag, the temperature drops to between -45°C and -52°C. The hottest month is July. The mean annual precipitation is 200 - 300mm of which 80 to 90 per cent falls within five months (May to September).

 

Geographical features.
One of the highest countries in the world with one of Eurasia's highest capitals. Average altitude: 1,580m above sea level . Ulaanbaatar: 1,380m above sea level. The highest point is the Tawan Bogd (4,374m) in the west and the lowest is the Khokh Nuur lake depression in the east - a more 554m above sea-level.

 

Government of Mongolia
Parliamentary type of Government, with President second in authority to state Great Hural (Parliament). Independence 1921 final independence from China. 1990 Democratic reform and shift from dependence on the former Soviet Union.

 

Administrative subdivisions
21 aimags (provinces), the capital city (Ulaanbaator), including 2 autonomous cities (Darkhan and Erdenet ).The aimags are subdivided into sums, or district of which there are about 300.

 

Ecology and Environment
Mongolia's natural environment remains in good shape compared with that of many Western countries. The country's small population and nomadic subsistence economy have been its environmental salvation. The great open pastures of its northern half remain ideal for grazing by retaining just enough forest, usually on the upper northern slopes, to shelter the abundant wildlife.

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Population
The population of Mongolia is at present 2,8 mil. people. 51% live in urban areas, 1.5 per sq km. Two thirds of the Mongolian population is below 30 years old, and two fifths of the population is 14 years or below. About 75 per cent of the population of Mongolia speak Khalka Mongolians. Ethnic minorities are mainly speakers of Turkic languages, such as Kazakh, Tuvinian, Urianhai and Hoton.

 

Religion
Buddhist Lamaism (94%) since 14th century, Shamaism (in the north), Moslems in the West. Traditionally, Mongols practiced Shamanism, worshipping the Blue Sky. However, Tibetan Buddhism (also called Vajrayana Buddhism) gained more popularity after it was introduced in 16th century. Recent years, Christians are getting popular.

 

Literacy
The Mongolian literacy is considered as one of the highest: approximately 90 per cent. Educated working force is already available. Most Mongolians speak and understand Russian as it was compulsory at secondary schools during communism. However, there is an urge for learning foreign languages, especially English, Korea, Japanese, Germany among young population.